Hair Loss

Common Types of Hair Loss

1. Androgenetic Alopecia (Male and Female Pattern Baldness):
   • The most common form of hair loss, it is genetic and influenced by hormonal changes.
   • For men, it often begins with a receding hairline or bald spot on the crown.
   • In women, it usually presents as thinning along the crown and widening of the part, rather than complete bald spots.
2. Telogen Effluvium:
   • This type is often caused by stress, trauma, illness, or hormonal shifts (e.g., after pregnancy or surgery).
   • Hair enters the “resting” phase (telogen), leading to diffuse hair shedding.
   • Usually temporary, with hair regrowth often occurring within a few months after the trigger is addressed.
3. Alopecia Areata:
   • An autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks hair follicles, resulting in sudden, patchy hair loss.
   • Can affect any hair-bearing area and vary from a single spot to widespread hair loss.
4. Traction Alopecia:
   • Caused by prolonged tension on the hair, usually from hairstyles like tight ponytails, braids, or extensions.
   • Can become permanent if not addressed early, as chronic tension can scar follicles.
5. Scarring Alopecia (Cicatricial Alopecia):
   • A group of rare disorders that destroy hair follicles, replacing them with scar tissue.
   • Hair loss in these cases is permanent, as the follicles are irreversibly damaged.

Common Causes of Hair Loss

• Genetics: Family history of hair loss is a significant factor, especially in androgenetic alopecia.
• Hormonal Changes and Medical Conditions: Conditions like thyroid imbalances, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), menopause, and autoimmune diseases can trigger hair loss.
• Medications and Treatments: Certain drugs, such as those for cancer, arthritis, and high blood pressure, may cause hair shedding as a side effect.
• Stress and Trauma: Physical or emotional stress can disrupt the hair growth cycle, causing temporary shedding.
• Nutritional Deficiencies: Low levels of iron, zinc, vitamins, and protein can contribute to hair loss.

Treatment Options

1. Medications:
   • Minoxidil (Rogaine): A topical solution that can help slow hair loss and promote regrowth in both men and women.
   • Finasteride (Propecia): An oral medication for men that blocks the hormone responsible for male pattern baldness.
   • Spironolactone: Sometimes used off-label for women with hormonal hair loss.
2. Non-Medical Treatments:
   • Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Therapy: A treatment where plasma from your blood is injected into the scalp to stimulate hair growth.
   • Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT): Low-dose lasers stimulate follicles, potentially slowing hair loss and encouraging new growth.
   • Microneedling: Sometimes combined with other treatments, microneedling on the scalp may help stimulate follicles.
3. Surgical Options:
   • Hair Transplant Surgery: A procedure where healthy follicles are transplanted to balding areas.
   • Scalp Reduction: Less common, but involves removing bald areas of the scalp and stitching the rest together.
4. Lifestyle and Dietary Changes:
   • Balanced Diet: Ensuring adequate intake of vitamins, iron, zinc, and protein can support healthy hair.
   • Reduce Stress: Techniques like meditation, exercise, and healthy sleep can mitigate stress-related hair loss.
   • Avoid Traction Styles: Limit tight hairstyles to reduce traction alopecia risk.

Preventing Hair Loss

• Protect Your Hair: Limit heat styling, harsh chemical treatments, and rough brushing.
• Use Mild Products: Shampoos and conditioners that nourish rather than strip hair can help prevent damage.
• Scalp Care: Regular scalp massages and exfoliation can help maintain a healthy scalp, promoting hair health.
• Early Intervention: Treating hair loss early can maximize treatment effectiveness, so seeking advice from a dermatologist is beneficial.

While it’s natural for hair to change over time, seeking guidance from a dermatologist or trichologist can provide clarity on the best course of action for preserving or restoring hair health.